Psychologist Abraham Maslow conducted lifelong research about mental health and human potential. Seeing human beings’ needs arranged like a ladder, he devised his renowned hierarchy of needs.

Here’s a breakdown of the needs and desires people try to fulfill, as compiled neatly in Chip and Dan Heath’s New York Times bestseller Made to Stick:

• Transcendence: help others realize their potential
• Self-actualization: realize your own potential, self-fulfillment, peak experiences
• Aesthetic: symmetry, order, beauty, balance
• Learning: know, understand, mentally connect
• Esteem: achieve, be competent, gain approval, independence, status
• Belonging: love, family, friends, affection
• Security: protection, safety, stability
• Physical: hunger, thirst, bodily comfort

Ensure your web content taps into these basic human needs to appeal to your visitors’ emotions. You’ll engage and convert.

We recently posted an article entitled Website testimonials: Weapons of influence. It encourages website owners to use customer testimonials to boost credibility and sales, referring to author Robert Cialdini’s insightful social psychology book called Influence: Science and Practice.

While website testimonials are a powerful way to earn a prospect’s trust, they also foster commitment from those providing the testimonials. How? Well, when people put their commitments on paper – or the far-reaching Web – they attempt to live up to their words.

“Whenever one takes a stand that is visible to others, there arises a drive to maintain that stand in order to look like a consistent person,” noted Cialdini. Why? Because, he explained, personal consistency is viewed as rational, assured, trustworthy and sound.

Look at Barack Obama’s presidential campaign; he went with the theme “change” and stuck with it right through to his election to the Whitehouse. Someone without consistency is often judged as fickle, uncertain, scatterbrained or volatile. John McCain started with “experience” and switched to “change” mid-campaign.

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Testimonials are critical to any website that’s marketing or selling products or services.

They provide “social proof,” suggests author Robert Cialdini in his insightful social psychology book called Influence: Science and Practice. This principle states we determine what’s correct by finding out what other people think is correct.

It extends from the hectic pace of a complex society, where consumers are often forced to make decisions based on limited information. Add to this the hyper velocity of the Web, and you can begin to understand how people tend to automatically comply with the masses.

“As a rule, we make fewer mistakes by acting in accord with social evidence than by acting contrary to it,” stated Cialdini. “Usually, when a lot of people are doing something, it is the right thing to do.” Safety in numbers! It’s a convenient ‘shortcut’, requiring little time and thought, in exchange for plenty of comfort.

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Headlines can be extremely effective tools to engage your online visitors and entice them to gather more information about your products, services and business.

Following are three guidelines to help you create headlines that connect:

1. It’s Not About You

Before you attempt to revamp your headline, get out of the self-centric mode most businesses tend to be stuck in. It sounds harsh, but when a person gets to your site, they don’t necessarily care about your business; they care about what you can do for them.

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In a recent article, we explored how Internet users like to gather information on the Web, and how they process it.

More than 63% of Internet users indicated in our online poll the written word is their choice of communications on the Web. However, according to neurolinguistics expert Dr. Genie Z. Laborde, only 20% of people are primarily auditory, meaning they gather and process information most effectively via written text and the spoken word.

Dr. Laborde notes 40% of people are strongly visual, and 40% are kinesthetically dominant when it comes to learning.

So while the majority of people indicated they prefer accessing information on the Web through web writing, it’s in website owners’ best interest to support and augment web copy with other communication forms, i.e. visuals, to connect with a higher percentage of people.

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Good web writers know more words do not create additional impact.

When it comes to web writing, you should remove any words or messages that have no value for your target audience.

Review your web writing and cut it down to what’s truly essential. Self-aggrandizing messages, for instance, aren’t useful. They add dead words with little or no value. They get in the way, making it harder for visitors to find what they’re looking for — benefits.

Here’s an example from a resume consultant’s website: “We are committed to customer service and believe we provide the highest standards of customer service in the CV writing industry.”

Does it make a strong point that makes a mark with the prospect? Probably not. Any CV consultant can state that, and many likely do. It’s vague, ineffective and should be removed from the site. No one would miss it, except possibly the employees who wrote and approved it.

Good web writers know less is more.

Pretty designs and flowery words don’t provide your visitors value. Relevant website content does.

What’s relevant? It’s whatever your target market deems relevant.

For instance, a frequently asked questions (FAQ) section that provides practical insight into your target market’s common concerns could be regarded the most valuable part of your website. Alternatively, an aggressive pitch for a product your visitor has no use for is a complete waste of time — for all parties involved.

Here are some essentials to deliver useful website content:

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To convert sales, your web content must diagnose your prospect’s sore spot, and explain how you’ll bring them relief.

To simplify the process, try to categorize their difficulties into on of the three main categories:

1. Financial
2. Strategic
3. Personal

By diagnosing a prospect’s problem, and showing you understand and have a proven solution that caters to their specific needs, you’ll significantly increase the chances of converting them into a customer.

If you don’t fully understand your prospect’s issues — even if it’s just their perception — you’ll miss many opportunities.

Don’t rush to make the sales pitch. Ask questions, listen and then discuss solutions.

Common web content mistakes on websites, especially on home pages, include:

Disclaimers – Don’t greet visitors with apologies and excuses for a lame or out-of-date site. Take the suspect pages or sections offline, make time to rectify the content, or hire a professional. Ill-equipped web content can kill your credibility.

Welcome Messages – “Thank you for visiting,” “This site is meant to” and “Take a look around” are unnecessary. In fact, such over-used phrases waste your visitors’ time, and they may return the favor by hitting the back button.

Clichés – Spare your online visitors the cute and the clever. Clichés usually add no value and can create barriers when communicating to global audiences. Webcopyplus has conducted web content conversion tests in which the removal of clichés increased sales. That’s why web content writers need to push their egos aside and write for the target audience.

Knowing your audience is imperative to achieve high conversion rates with your web content.

As you attempt to define your reader, pay heed to his knowledge of the subject. If he’s informed, get right to the key facts and figures. Otherwise, you’ll bore him and turn him off with generic information.

If he’s not well versed with the subject, ensure you provide some basic, high-level information, and offer plenty of references to helpful background material. Sidebars can also be an effective tool in this case.

If you need to cater to a mixed crowd, which is common on the Web, provide high-level material, but include clearly labeled links to all the particulars. This is a web content strategy called link layering, and it’s an incredibly effective way to provide online visitors information that’s relevant to their specific needs.

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